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. 2026 Apr 27;52:102. doi: 10.1186/s13052-026-02269-8

Table 4.

Comparison of characteristics between the DS group and the Non-DS group

Feature DS Non-DS X2 P
Missense Yes(No) 6(10) 25(9) 5.995 0.014
Frameshift Yes(No) 3(13) 3(31) 0.293 0.588
Splicing Yes(No) 3(13) 1(33) 1.859 0.173
Nonsense Yes(No) 3(14) 4(31) 0.3798 0.5377
De novo Yes(No) 15(1) 24(9) 1.78 0.182
Fever of first seizure Yes(No) 11(5) 21(13) 0.23 0.631
Status epilepticus Yes(No) 9(7) 9(25) 4.188 0.041
Family history Yes(No) 3(13) 13(21) 1.898 0.168
Cluster seizures Yes(No) 10(6) 18(16) 0.403 0.525
Epilepsy first year EEG abnormalities onset Yes(No) 9(7) 15(19) 0.642 0.423

Note: In this study, the total sample size was all greater than 40. When the theoretical frequency was greater than 5, the Pearson chi-square was selected. When the theoretical frequency is ≥ 1 or < 5, continuity correction is selected. When the theoretical frequency is less than 1, look at the Fisher’s exact test; P < 0.05, which was statistically significant