Abbreviation	Full term
AA	Acetic acid
ADF	Acid detergent fiber
ADFI	Average daily feed intake
ADG	Average daily gain
Apaf-1	apoptotic protease activating factor-1
BA	Butyric acid
BUN	Blood urea nitrogen
CAT	Catalase
CK	Control group
CP	Crude protein
caspase	cysteine-aspartic proteases
dATP	deoxyadenosine triphosphate
DM	Dry matter
ELISA	Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
FBW	Final body weight
GBLS50%	50% grapevine branch–leaf silage group
GBLS100%	100% grapevine branch–leaf silage group
GC-MS	Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
GLU	Glucose
GSE	Grape seed extract
HDL	High-density lipoprotein
IBW	Initial body weight
IgA	Immunoglobulin A
IgG	Immunoglobulin G
IgM	Immunoglobulin M
IL-1β	Interleukin-1 beta
IL-6	interleukin-6
IBA	Isobutyric acid
IVA	Isovaleric acid
KEGG	Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes
LC–MS	Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry
LPE	lysophosphatidylethanolamine
MDA	Malondialdehyde
NDF	Neutral detergent fiber
NF-κB	Nuclear factor kappa B
OPLS-DA	Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis
OTU	Operational taxonomic unit
PA	Propionic acid
PCoA	Principal coordinate analysis
RNR	Ribonucleotide reductase
SD	Standard deviation
SOD	Superoxide dismutase
TC	Total cholesterol
TG	Triglyceride
TNF-α	Tumor necrosis factor-alpha
TP	Total protein
TVFA	Total volatile fatty acids
VA	Valeric acid
VFA	Volatile fatty acid(s)
VIP	Variable importance in projection