Table 5.
Multivariable-Adjusted Analysis of Factors Associated With ≥ 5 ECT Claims Use Among Older Adults With Depression Who Used ECTa
| Factor (Reference Group) | Adjusted Odds Ratio | 95% CI | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Setting of first session (inpatient) | |||
| Outpatient | 1.24 | 1.04–1.47 | .018 |
| Age | 1.00 | 0.99–1.01 | .87 |
| Gender (male) | 0.98 | 0.84–1.16 | .844 |
| Race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic white) | |||
| Non-Hispanic black | 0.74 | 0.49–1.13 | .159 |
| Other | 0.75 | 0.49–1.16 | .204 |
| Region (Northeast) | |||
| Midwest | 0.59 | 0.48–0.72 | <.001 |
| South | 0.61 | 0.50–0.73 | <.001 |
| West | 0.90 | 0.68–1.17 | .423 |
| Psychotherapy use | 1.43 | 1.22–1.67 | <.001 |
| ED use | 0.87 | 0.73–1.04 | .133 |
| Medications prescribed (no) | |||
| Antipsychotics | 1.41 | 1.15–1.74 | .001 |
| Lithium | 1.05 | 0.85–1.30 | .659 |
| Behavioral comorbidity (no) | |||
| Anxiety disorder | 1.04 | 0.85–1.27 | .738 |
| Schizophrenia | 1.22 | 1.04–1.43 | .016 |
| Tobacco use disorder | 0.76 | 0.62–0.94 | .012 |
a
Data are from 2014 to 2015 Medicare claims files.
Abbreviations: ECT = electroconvulsive therapy, ED = emergency department.