AhR	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor
BCFA	Branched-chain fatty acids
CagA protein	Cytotoxin-associated gene A protein
CIE	Chronic inflammatory enteropathy
DC	Dendritic cell
FMT	Fecal microbiota transplantation
GALT	Gut-associated lymphoid tissue
IARC	International Agency for Research on Cancer
IBD	Inflammatory Bowel Disease
IFN-γ	Interferon-gamma
IL-1β	Interleukin-1 beta
IL-2	Interleukin-2
IL-6	Interleukin-6
IL-12	Interleukin-12
LGITL	Low-grade intestinal T-cell lymphoma
LPS	Lipopolysaccharide
MALT-type	Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue–type
MDSC	Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells
MHC	Major Histocompatibility Complex
NET	Neutrophil Extracellular Trap
NF-κB	Nuclear factor-κB
NHPH	non-Helicobacter pylori Helicobacters
NK cells	Natural Killer cells
NOD2	Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2
OMVs	Outer Membrane Vesicles
PAMPs	Pathogen-associated molecular patterns
PD-1	Programmed cell death protein 1
PD-L1	Programmed Death-Ligand 1
ROS	Reactive Oxygen Species
SCC	Squamous Cell Carcinoma
SCFAs	Short-chain fatty acids
SIRS	Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome
STING	Stimulator of Interferon Genes
TAAs	Tumor-associated antigens
Th1	T helper 1
Th17	T helper 17
TME	Tumor microenvironment
TNF-α	Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
TLR2	Toll-like receptor 2
TLR4	Toll-like receptor 4
TLR5	Toll-like receptor 5
TLRs	Toll-like receptors
Treg	Regulatory T cells
VacA toxin	Vacuolating cytotoxin A