| COS | Chitosan Oligosaccharides |
| MALDI-TOF | Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight |
| NMR | Nuclear Magnetic Resonance |
| DP | Degree of polymerization |
| DD | Degrees of deacetylation |
| GO | Gene Ontology |
| KEGG | Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes |
| DEGs | Differentially expressed genes |
| ATCC | American Type Culture Collection |