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. 2026 May 30;27(11):4970. doi: 10.3390/ijms27114970
COS Chitosan Oligosaccharides
MALDI-TOF Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight
NMR Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
DP Degree of polymerization
DD Degrees of deacetylation
GO Gene Ontology
KEGG Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes
DEGs Differentially expressed genes
ATCC American Type Culture Collection