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. 2026 Jun 4;15(11):4346. doi: 10.3390/jcm15114346
AKI acute kidney injury
ALT alanine aminotransferase
ANA antinuclear antibody
ANCA anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody
aOR adjusted odds ratio
AST aspartate aminotransferase
BMI body mass index
BUN blood urea nitrogen
CI confidence interval
CKD chronic kidney disease
cOR crude odds ratio
DM diabetes mellitus
DN diabetic nephropathy
dsDNA anti-double-stranded DNA
eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate
ESKD end-stage kidney disease
ETL extract–transform–load
HbA1c glycated hemoglobin
HDL high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
Ig immunoglobulin
IgA immunoglobulin A
IgE immunoglobulin E
IgG immunoglobulin G
IgM immunoglobulin M
LDH lactate dehydrogenase
LDL low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
MDRD Modification of Diet in Renal Disease
NDKD non-diabetic kidney disease
SGLT2i sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors
SMD standardized mean difference
UACR urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio
UPCR urine protein-to-creatinine ratio
WBC white blood cell count