| AKI | acute kidney injury |
| ALT | alanine aminotransferase |
| ANA | antinuclear antibody |
| ANCA | anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody |
| aOR | adjusted odds ratio |
| AST | aspartate aminotransferase |
| BMI | body mass index |
| BUN | blood urea nitrogen |
| CI | confidence interval |
| CKD | chronic kidney disease |
| cOR | crude odds ratio |
| DM | diabetes mellitus |
| DN | diabetic nephropathy |
| dsDNA | anti-double-stranded DNA |
| eGFR | estimated glomerular filtration rate |
| ESKD | end-stage kidney disease |
| ETL | extract–transform–load |
| HbA1c | glycated hemoglobin |
| HDL | high-density lipoprotein cholesterol |
| Ig | immunoglobulin |
| IgA | immunoglobulin A |
| IgE | immunoglobulin E |
| IgG | immunoglobulin G |
| IgM | immunoglobulin M |
| LDH | lactate dehydrogenase |
| LDL | low-density lipoprotein cholesterol |
| MDRD | Modification of Diet in Renal Disease |
| NDKD | non-diabetic kidney disease |
| SGLT2i | sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors |
| SMD | standardized mean difference |
| UACR | urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio |
| UPCR | urine protein-to-creatinine ratio |
| WBC | white blood cell count |