| VR | virtual reality |
| AR | augmented reality |
| CT | computed tomography |
| MRI | magnetic resonance imaging |
| PRISMA | Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses |
| NOS | Newcastle–Ottawa Scale |
| RoB | Risk of Bias Tool |
| AI | Augmented Learning |
| XR | Extended Reality |
| TORS | Transoral robotic surgery |
| CBCT | Cone Beam Computed Tomography |
| CTA | Computed Tomography Angiography |
| FESS | Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery |
| ICA | Internal carotid artery |
| O-arm | Intraoperative 3D Imaging System |
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