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. 2026 May 28;15(11):4185. doi: 10.3390/jcm15114185
TBS Trabecular bone score
DXA Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry
WHO World Health Organisation
BMD Bone mineral density
SD Standard deviations
NICE National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
FRAX Fracture Risk Assessment Tool
IOF International Osteoporosis Foundation
ESCEO European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases
ISCD International Society for Clinical Densitometry
BMI Body Mass Index
OR Odds Ratio
CI Confidence intervals
AUC Area under the curve
AIC Akaike Information Criterion
BIC Bayesian Information Criterion
N Number of patients
p-value Value of the difference
MOF Major osteoporotic fractures
T2DM Type 2 diabetes mellitus
GIO Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis