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. 2026 May 29;14:1809818. doi: 10.3389/fped.2026.1809818

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© 2026 Jo, Cho, Jun and Park.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Side-by-side circular sunburst charts illustrate gut microbiome composition in a mother and her baby, segmenting bacterial groups by color and label, with notable differences in the proportion of Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria. — Relative abundance of the fecal microbiome in maternal stool and early neonatal fecal samples. The inner circle represents phylum-level composition, and the outer circle represents species-group level composition.