Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of mothers and neonates participating in the study (M = 21, B = 25).
| Pairs of mother and Baby | Maternal factors | Neonatal factors | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (year) | Wt (kg) | BMI (kg/m2) | Obstetric problem | Primipara | Antibiotics | Delivery | Stool | GA (week) | BW (kg) | Sex | Tachypnea | Antibiotics | Feeding mode | Stool | |||
| Day | Dominant phylum | BW (kg) | Day | Dominant phylum | |||||||||||||
| M1-B1 | 40.1 | 79.8 | 28.4 | Twin | Y | N | CS | 0 | Fir | 36.9 | 3.07 | M | N | N | FF | 0 | Fir |
| M2-B2 | 31.0 | 88.8 | 34.5 | GDM, PPROM | N | Y | VD | 0 | Pro | 36.1 | 2.90 | F | N | Y | BMF | 7 | Fir |
| M3-B3 | 40.2 | 79.4 | 27.8 | – | N | N | CS | 0 | Fir | 38.0 | 3.25 | F | N | N | BMF | 8 | Fir |
| M4-B4 | 38.6 | 62.7 | 24.6 | – | N | N | CS | −3 | Fir | 38.3 | 3.32 | M | N | N | BMF | 4 | Fir |
| M5-B5 | 35.9 | 60.0 | 24.3 | PTL | N | N | CS | −1 | Fir | 34.1 | 2.07 | F | N | N | FF | 5 | Fir |
| M6-B6 | 37.8 | 49.8 | 19.0 | FGR | N | N | CS | 0 | Bac | 37.3 | 1.97 | F | N | N | FF | 1 | Pro |
| M7-B7 | 43.6 | 75.4 | 31.3 | GDM, PPROM | N | Y | CS | −1 | Fir | 34.0 | 2.01 | F | N | N | FF | 5 | Fir |
| M8-B8 | 39.8 | 59.9 | 23.7 | GDM, PE | Y | N | CS | 0 | Fir | 35.3 | 1.79 | M | N | N | FF | 4 | Fir |
| M9-B9 | 34.8 | 77.0 | 28.5 | – | Y | N | VD | 0 | Fir | 39.6 | 3.81 | M | N | N | BMF | 5 | Pro |
| M10-B10 | 30.9 | 73.4 | 25.8 | Twin | Y | N | CS | 0 | Fir | 37.1 | 2.85 | M | N | N | BMF | 1 | Pro |
| -B11 | 37.1 | 2.46 | F | N | Y | FF | 1 | Fir | |||||||||
| M11-B12 | 27.4 | 64.0 | 25.0 | – | Y | N | CS | 0 | Fir | 38.7 | 3.43 | F | N | Y | BMF | 6 | Fir |
| M12-B13 | 35.0 | 54.0 | 20.1 | PTL | N | N | VD | 0 | Pro | 36.0 | 2.47 | M | N | Y | FF | 4 | Pro |
| M13-B14 | 32.7 | 64.5 | 27.0 | GDM | Y | N | CS | 0 | Bac | 33.4 | 1.69 | M | N | N | FF | 5 | Fir |
| M14-B15 | 25.9 | 55.5 | 24.4 | – | Y | N | CS | 0 | Fir | 38.6 | 3.11 | F | N | N | BMF | 4 | Fir |
| M15-B16 | 32.9 | 64.7 | 25.5 | – | Y | N | CS | 0 | Fir | 38.0 | 3.24 | M | N | N | BMF | 7 | Pro |
| M16-B17 | 35.2 | 63.8 | 26.9 | IUGR | N | N | CS | 0 | Fir | 36.4 | 2.48 | M | Y | Y | FF | 4 | Pro |
| -B18 | 36.4 | 2.19 | M | Y | N | FF | 4 | Fir | |||||||||
| M17-B19 | 36.1 | 131.8 | 47.8 | GDM | N | N | CS | 0 | Fir | 37.7 | 3.54 | F | N | N | FF | 7 | Pro |
| M18-B20 | 33.6 | 66.0 | 27.8 | Twin | N | N | CS | 0 | Fir | 36.0 | 2.21 | F | N | N | FF | 0 | Pro |
| -B21 | 36.0 | 2.18 | F | N | N | FF | 0 | Pro | |||||||||
| M19-B22 | 41.6 | 41.6 | 30.1 | – | Y | N | CS | 0 | Fir | 38.4 | 3.88 | F | N | N | FF | 7 | Pro |
| M20-B23 | 30.6 | 70.6 | 27.6 | GDM, Twin | Y | N | CS | 1 | Fir | 35.3 | 2.06 | F | Y | N | BMF | 6 | Fir |
| -B24 | 35.3 | 2.23 | M | Y | N | BMF | 6 | Fir | |||||||||
| M21-B25 | 33.6 | 68.1 | 24.9 | – | Y | N | CS | 0 | Fir | 39.1 | 3.63 | F | N | N | BMF | 6 | Chl |
Wt, weight; GDM, gestational DM; PPROM, prolonged rupture of membranes defined as the rupture of the amniotic membrane more than 18 h before delivery; PTL, preterm labor pain; PE, preeclampsia; IUGR, intrauterine growth restriction; CS, Cesarean section; VD, vaginal delivery; FF, formula-fed; BMF, breast milk-fed; Fir, Firmicutes; Pro, Proteobacteria; Bac, Bacteroidetes; Chl, Chlorobi; Y, yes; N, no.