Effect of TaRAN1 transgene on the cell cycle phases of yeast and rice cells. A, Yeast cells transformed with pESPM-TaRAN1 analyzed by FACS at 0, 3, 6, and 9 h after subculture. The number of cells in the G2 phase was calculated as a proportion of the total cell population. Results are mean ± se from different lines analyzed in three independent experiments. B, Examination of the cell cycle phases of the nuclei of primary root cells by fluorescence microscopy in rice. Microtubules are stained green and chromosomes are stained blue with 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole. Bar = 4 μm. C, Proportion of cells in the G2 phase in wild-type (WT) and transgenic rice. D, Mitotic index in tips of primary roots of wild-type (WT) and transgenic rice. Results are presented as mean ± se from three experiments (n = 10). Asterisk (*), P < 0.01.