Table 2.

Video stop criteria for the first author in case the teacher did not pause the video recording.

Category	Description	Example(s)/notes
Verbal guidance	The teacher responds to a student's comment or question about the game activity or asks questions to assess the student's understanding.	Includes clarifying game rules, questioning students about technical or tactical elements of gameplay, or addressing students' comments that indicate that something is not working. These explanations can be given to a group or an individual student. Off-task remarks such as “I don't feel like it” or “I need to drink water” are not included.
	The teacher makes comments during a game situation, often relating to events on the playing field.	Comments may be positive, highlighting something that is going or has gone well, or serve as feedback.
	The teacher gives a technical or tactical tip or compliment to a team or individual student.
	The teacher positions students within the game situation.	Directs students to the correct position on the field and may advise them on what to do and what role they can play from that position.
Visual guidance	The teacher visually demonstrates part of the activity.	The teacher may act as a member of a team to model a specific strategy, technique, or gameplay role, applying theory directly in practice.
Adjusting the arrangement	The teacher changes the team composition or the matchup between teams.	May involve moving certain students to a different team, changing who plays against whom, or assigning a different role to a student within their current team.
	The teacher changes the materials used in the lesson.	May involve replacing or modifying sticks, balls, mats, or the size of the playing field.
Adjusting the assignment	The teacher modifies the rules of the game.	Rules may be adjusted in various ways, for example: allowing the ball to bounce once before being returned, or permitting a player to catch the ball before passing it on.
	The teacher changes the objective of the game.	For example, shifting the goal from winning or achieving the highest score to keeping the ball in play as long as possible, creating a rally. Or ensuring that every student has an active role, thereby promoting cooperation.