Functional characterization of VvF3′H and VvF3′5′H1 by their ectopic expression in the petunia ht1 mutant line Skr4 × Sw63. A, Flowers of untransformed control Skr4 × Sw63 (pale lilac) and lines transgenic for VvF3′H (reddish-pink) and VvF3′5′H1 (purple). B, HPLC analysis of anthocyanidins and flavonols from flowers of the control line Skr4 × Sw63, the line H1.2 transgenic for VvF3′H, and O2.2 transgenic for VvF3′5′H1 showing the accumulation of the respective hydroxylated flavonoid. At least three additional independent Skr4 × Sw63 lines transgenic for VvF3′H or VvF3′5′H1 were analyzed and showed a similar phenotype and HPLC profile as the presented lines O2.2 or H1.2, respectively. The anthocyanidins delphinidin and pelargonidin as well as the flavonol myricetin were not detectable in any of the analyzed samples. C, Cyanidin; P, peonidin; M, malvidin; K, kaempferol; Q, quercetin.