Table 17.

Descriptive statistics of the emotional design scale.

Item	Number of cases	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	Standard deviation	Skewness	Kurtosis
Interaction quality	635	1.2	6.8	4.0784	1.53041	−0.178	−1.257
Visual appeal	635	1.0	7.0	3.9735	1.49647	−0.046	−1.169
Perceived personalization	635	1.2	6.8	4.0214	1.51078	−0.062	−1.221
Intelligent adaptability	635	1.0	6.8	4.1244	1.53782	−0.137	−1.242
Emotional design	635	1.65	6.3	3.8982	1.1628	−0.018	−1.142

Within the emotional design scale, the mean value was 4.0784 for interaction quality, 3.9735 for visual appeal, 4.0214 for perceived personalization, and 4.1244 for intelligent adaptability; the overall mean value for emotional design was 3.8982.