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. 2026 Jun 12;16:18264. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-44468-7

Table 6.

Comparison of training stability under different loss functions. The table reports the final loss, mean loss during the convergence stage, and standard deviation of the training loss for Cross Entropy, Focal Loss, and the proposed entropy-balance method. Lower standard deviation indicates more stable training dynamics.

Evaluation Metric Focal Loss Cross Entropy Ours
Final Loss 3.1719 3.2761 3.2830
Standard deviation 1.2347 7.6188 0.7488
Mean 4.5716 8.7296 4.1327