Table 3.
Comparison of Split tensile and flexural strength with previous studies.
| S. No. | Biochar type | Pyrolysis condition | Cement replacement percentage | Compressive strength (MPa) (28 days) | Flexural strength (MPa) (28 days ) |
Split tensile strength (MPa) (28 days) |
References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Rice husk biochar | Temp: 500 °C | 1 | 27.87 | 7.21 | – | 19 |
| 2 | 26.67 | 7.39 | |||||
| 4 | 27.24 | 7.16 | |||||
| 2 | Forest wood biochar | Temp: 500 °C | 1 | 27.53 | 7.04 | – | 19 |
| 2 | 26.45 | 6.83 | |||||
| 4 | 25.89 | 6.61 | |||||
| 3 | Rice husk biochar | Temp: 600 °C | 5 | 36.8 | – | 3.38 | 48 |
| 10 | 38.9 | 3.47 | |||||
| 15 | 37.3 | 3.58 | |||||
| 20 | 35.7 | 3.5 | |||||
| 25 | 33.9 | 33 | |||||
| 4 | Eucalyptus wood biochar | Temp: 500 °C | 0.65 | 11.7 | – | 1.7 | 45 |
| 3.2 | 11.4 | 2.0 | |||||
| 6.5 | 12.6 | 1.8 | |||||
| 9.5 | 8.0 | 1.6 | |||||
| 13.5 | 6.90 | 1.9 | |||||
| 5 | Rice husk biochar | Temp: 500 °C | 0.25 | 22.3 | 4.4 | 2.8 | 49 |
| 0.5 | 32.1 | 4.3 | 3.8 | ||||
| 0.75 | 28.6 | 4.1 | 3.1 | ||||
| 1 | 29.7 | 4.8 | 3.2 | ||||
| 6 | Paper waste biochar | Temp: 500 °C | 0.1 | 38 | 4.4 | 3.6 | 49 |
| 0.5 | 34 | 3.4 | 2.72 | ||||
| 1 | 30.5 | 3.8 | 2.83 | ||||
| 7 | Carya cathayensis peel biochar | Temp: 500 °C | 1 | 45.8 | – | 3.04 | 50 |
| 2 | 49.73 | 3.21 | |||||
| 3 | 42.90 | 2.98 | |||||
| 4 | 39.97 | 2.91 | |||||
| 5 | 35.67 | 2.59 | |||||
| 8 | Rice Husk biochar | Temp: 700 °C | 5 | 27.09 | – | – | 51 |
| 9 | Rice straw biochar | Temp: 800 °C | 1 | 44 | 8.4 | 4.4 | This study |
| 3 | 43 | 7.8 | 3.9 | ||||
| 5 | 38 | 6.6 | 3.3 | ||||
| 7 | 33 | 6.5 | 3.1 | ||||
| 10 | Platic-char composite | Temp: 800 °C | 1 | 45 | 8.6 | 5.0 | This study |
| 3 | 47 | 8.4 | 4.4 | ||||
| 5 | 41 | 6.8 | 3.8 | ||||
| 7 | 39 | 6.5 | 3.4 |