Fig. 3.

Relative abundance of cecum microbiota in broilers at the phylum level. Analysis of phylum level at 21 (A) and 42 d (B). CON21, EPL21, EPM21, and EPH21 represent EP addition levels of 0.0, 0.3%, 0.6%, and 0.9% in the diet at 21 d, respectively; CON42, EPL42, EPM42, and EPH42 represent EP addition levels of 0.0, 0.3%, 0.6%, and 0.9% in the diet at 42 d, respectively; n = 6. EP = Echinacea purpurea polysaccharides; CON = control; F:B = Firmicutes: Bacteroidota. Different lowercase letters above columns represent significant differences among treatments at P < 0.05.