Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of patients with migraine and non-migraine headaches
| Characteristics | All patients N = 23,713 |
Migraine, n (%) n = 17,913 (75.5) |
Non-migraine, n (%) n = 5,800 (24.5) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic characteristics* | |||
| Enrollment, n (%), years | |||
| 2020 (December~) | 244 (1.0) | 201 (1.1) | 43 (0.7) |
| 2021 | 10,864 (45.8) | 7,646 (42.7) | 3,218 (55.5) |
| 2022 | 5,396 (22.8) | 4,311 (24.1) | 1,085 (18.7) |
| 2023 | 3,529 (14.9) | 2,812 (15.7) | 717 (12.4) |
| 2024 | 3,576 (15.1) | 2,870 (16.0) | 706 (12.2) |
| 2025 (~January) | 104 (0.4) | 73 (0.4) | 31 (0.5) |
| Age group, n (%) | |||
| 10s | 1,572 (6.6) | 1,148 (6.4) | 424 (7.3) |
| 20s | 6,755 (28.5) | 4,818 (26.9) | 1,937 (33.4) |
| 30s | 7,042 (29.7) | 5,565 (31.1) | 1,477 (25.5) |
| 40s | 4,859 (20.5) | 3,856 (21.5) | 1,003 (17.3) |
| 50s | 2,249 (9.5) | 1,713 (9.6) | 536 (9.2) |
| 60s+ | 525 (2.2) | 333 (1.9) | 192 (3.3) |
| Unknown | 711 (3.0) | 480 (2.7) | 231 (4.0) |
| Female sex, n (%) | 20,334 (85.8) | 15,440 (86.2) | 4,894 (84.4) |
| Headache characteristics† | |||
| Frequency of headache attacks per patient | |||
| Mean ± SD | 8.9 ± 29.8 | 11.5 ± 33.8 | 0.9 ± 4.7 |
| Median (IQR) | 2.0 (1.0–5.0) | 3.0 (1.0–8.0) | 0.0 (0.0–1.0) |
| Frequency of headache attacks, times per month‡ | |||
| Mean ± SD | 3.5 ± 4.0 | 3.5 ± 4.0 | 4.0 ± 5.9 |
| Median (IQR) | 2.4 (1.1–4.5) | 2.4 (1.1–4.5) | 2.1 (1.3–4.7) |
| Severe intensity, n (%)§ | 10,733 (45.3) | 9,941 (55.5) | 792 (13.7) |
| Premonitory symptoms, n (%) | 13,833 (58.3) | 12,122 (67.7) | 1,711 (29.5) |
| Aura, n (%) | 3,490 (14.7) | 3,490 (19.5) | - |
| Potential triggers, n (%) | 19,655 (82.9) | 16,103 (89.9) | 3,552 (61.2) |
| Acute medication, n (%) | 14,472 (61.0) | 13,091 (73.1) | 1,381 (23.8) |
| Triptans, n (%) | 5,903 (24.9) | 5,903 (33.0) | - |
| Ergotamine, n (%) | 550 (2.3) | 550 (3.1) | - |
| Unknown/Other medications, n (%) | 11,827 (49.9) | 10,446 (58.3) | 1,381 (23.8) |
| Disability due to headache | |||
| Duration with functional impairment per patient | |||
| Mean ± SD | 7.4 ± 26.6 | 8.4 ± 28.6 | 1.5 ± 1.0 |
| Median (IQR) | 2.0 (1.0–5.0) | 3.0 (1.0–6.0) | 1.0 (1.0–2.0) |
| Duration with functional impairment, days per month‡ | |||
| Mean ± SD | 2.4 ± 4.1 | 2.4 ± 4.1 | 1.7 ± 2.2 |
| Median (IQR) | 1.1 (0.4–2.9) | 1.1 (0.4–2.9) | 0.9 (0.6–1.7) |
The unit of analysis is the patient. The index date was defined as the enrollment date (i.e., the date of the first reported headache attack) in the mobile application
Measured in the index date
Measured during the entire enrollment period in each patient
Average of total times or days per patient per month. Restricted to patients with an enrollment period of 30 days or longer (n = 6740; migraine n = 6659, non-migraine n = 81)
7–10 scores