Table 21.

Description of the main dataset features.

Feature	Description
Time	Timestamp indicating the exact occurrence of the earthquake event, enabling temporal analysis and time-series modeling
Latitude	Geographic coordinate specifying the north–south position of the earthquake epicenter
Longitude	Geographic coordinate specifying the east–west position of the earthquake epicenter, used together with latitude for spatial mapping and clustering
Depth	Depth (in kilometers) at which rupture initiates. It may be referenced relative to the WGS84 geoid, mean sea level, or station elevation averages. Depth significantly influences surface shaking intensity
mag	Official magnitude reported for the event. Magnitude quantifies the energy released at the source and is measured using logarithmic scales
magType	Method used to calculate magnitude (e.g., Md, Ml, Ms, Mw, Mb, Me, Mi, MLg), depending on waveform characteristics and frequency range
Gap	Largest azimuthal gap (in degrees) between adjacent seismic stations. Smaller values generally indicate better reliability of the horizontal location estimate
dmin	Horizontal distance from the epicenter to the nearest seismic station (in degrees; km). Smaller values typically improve depth estimation accuracy
rms	Root-mean-square (RMS) travel-time residual (in seconds), measuring the discrepancy between observed and predicted wave arrival times. Lower values indicate better model fit
id	Unique identifier assigned to each seismic event for traceability within the catalog