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. 2026 Jun 17;12(25):eaed5675. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aed5675

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Copyright © 2026 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC).

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Fig. 5. — (A) Process flow diagram illustrating the scaled-up stage-based recycling of polymeric composite membranes. Fresh catalyst input was assumed for all TEA and LCA calculations. (B) Mass flow analysis showing the primary material inputs, conversions, and outputs across the recycling stages. MPD, m-phenylenediamine; TMC, trimesoyl chloride; Oli-PET, polyethylene terephthalate oligomer.