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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2026 Aug 24.
Published in final edited form as: Psychother Res. 2025 Aug 24;36(4):760–773. doi: 10.1080/10503307.2025.2523479

Table 1.

Descriptive Statistics and Standardized Mean Gain Scores for Treatment Outcomes

Variable N Mean Std. Deviation ESsg Post-to-Follow-up (95% CI)

Anxiety Post-Tx 69 4.80 3.13 --
Depression Post-Tx 69 3.04 3.49 --
Hope Post-Tx 69 34.25 9.24 --
Hope 6 MFU 59 34.02 10.11 −0.04 (−0.22, 0.14)
Hope 12 MFU 67 35.06 8.35 0.08 (−0.10, 0.27)
Hope 18 MFU 47 34.83 9.99 0.01 (−0.22, 0.25)
Hope 24 MFU 48 34.91 9.41 0.06 (−0.20, 0.33)
Hope 30 MFU 45 35.42 8.53 0.12 (−0.14, 0.38)
Hope 36 MFU 52 35.44 9.23 0.07 (−0.15, 0.30)
Well-being Post-Tx 69 45.70 14.30 --
Well-being 6 MFU 59 45.34 14.45 −0.05 (−0.22, 0.12)
Well-being 12 MFU 67 46.34 14.66 0.01 (−0.14, 0.17)
Well-being 18 MFU 47 45.02 14.50 −0.06 (−0.29, 0.17)
Well-being 24 MFU 48 47.35 13.45 −0.04 (−0.28, 0.20)
Well-being 30 MFU 45 44.89 14.94 −0.05 (−0.27, 0.17)
Well-being 36 MFU 52 45.44 15.82 −0.11 (−0.30, 0.08)

Note: Post-Tx = Post-treatment, MFU = month follow-up. ESsg refers to the standardized mean gain scores for post-treatment and follow-up differences.