Table 2.
The Impact of Drug Class and Patient Characteristics on Adherence to Oral Hypoglycemic Agents in Hawaii, January 1, 1999, to June 30, 2003
| Characteristics | Adherence OR (95% CI)a |
|---|---|
|
| |
| Oral hypoglycemic agent | |
|
| |
| Sulfonylurea | 1.0 (ref) |
| Metformin | 0.76 (0.73-0.78) |
| α-glucosidase inhibitors | 0.42 (0.37-0.46) |
| Thiazolidinedione | 0.48 (0.46-0.49) |
| Insulin use | 0.82 (0.79-0.85) |
|
| |
| Sex | |
|
| |
| Male | 1.0 (ref) |
| Female | 0.97 (0.94-1.0) |
|
| |
| Age, years | |
|
| |
| 1-18 | 0.20 (0.02-1.90) |
| 19-24 | 0.30 (0.13-0.66) |
| 25-34 | 0.47 (0.39-0.57) |
| 35-44 | 0.72 (0.67-0.78) |
| 45-54 | 0.86 (0.83-0.90) |
| 55-64 | 1.0 (ref) |
| 65-74 | 1.1 (1.10-1.20) |
| 75-84 | 1.1 (1.0-1.10) |
| 85+ | 0.90 (0.82-0.98) |
|
| |
| Race/ethnicity | |
|
| |
| White | 1.0 (ref) |
| Japanese | 1.20 (1.0-1.30) |
| Chinese | 1.0 (0.89-1.20) |
| Filipino | 0.78 (0.68-0.90) |
| Hawaiian | 0.89 (0.77-1.0) |
| Other | 0.87 (0.74-1.0) |
| Missing data | 0.85 (0.76-0.96) |
|
| |
| Island of residence | |
|
| |
| Oahu | 1.0 (ref) |
| Hawaii | 1.10 (1.10-1.20) |
| Kauai | 1.10 (1.0-1.20) |
| Maui | 0.98 (0.92-1.0) |
| Lanai | 0.79 (0.62-1.0) |
| Molokai | 0.94 (0.79-1.10) |
|
| |
| Morbidityb | |
|
| |
| Morbidity 1 | 1.0 (ref) |
| Morbidity 2 | 1.30 (1.10-1.50) |
| Morbidity 3 | 1.40 (1.20-1.60) |
| Morbidity 4 | 1.40 (1.20-1.60) |
| Morbidity 5 | 1.30 (1.10-1.60) |
| Morbidity 6 | 1.10 (0.95-1.30) |
|
| |
| Year | |
|
| |
| 1999 | 1.0 (ref) |
| 2000 | 0.97 (0.93-1.0) |
| 2001 | 1.10 (1.0-1.10) |
| 2002 | 0.92 (0.87-0.97) |
|
| |
| Coverage | |
|
| |
| Fee-for-service | 1.0 (ref) |
| HMO | 0.89 (0.85-0.93) |
| Medicare | 0.98 (0.87-1.10) |
a
OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval.
b
Morbidity level was assessed using the Johns Hopkins University’s Ambulatory Care Groups.