Skip to main content
. 2026 Apr 24;16:19054. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-46283-6

Table 2.

Quantitative evaluation of stego-images generated from six 100×100 grayscale test images after embedding a 1250-character message.

Image Thumbnail PSNR (dB) SSIM LSB Change (%) Message Match
House graphic file with name 41598_2026_46283_Figc_HTML.gif 50.78 0.9973 49.51 ✓
Lake graphic file with name 41598_2026_46283_Figd_HTML.gif 50.41 0.9986 50.54 ✓
Mandrill graphic file with name 41598_2026_46283_Fige_HTML.gif 50.48 0.9991 49.73 ✓
Pirate graphic file with name 41598_2026_46283_Figf_HTML.gif 50.24 0.9990 50.11 ✓
Cameraman graphic file with name 41598_2026_46283_Figg_HTML.gif 50.45 0.9961 50.45 ✓
Mean – 50.47 0.9980 50.07 –
Std – 0.20 0.0011 0.39 –