Skip to main content
. 2026 Apr 24;16:19054. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-46283-6

Table 3.

Performance analysis for the cameraman image under varying payload ratios. PSNR, SSIM, LSB modification, and message recovery are reported to assess the impact of payload size.

Payload (%) PSNR (dB) SSIM LSB Change (%) Message Match
5 64.24 0.9998 2.45 ✓
10 61.12 0.9995 5.03 ✓
20 58.14 0.9992 9.97 ✓
50 54.11 0.9982 25.25 ✓
80 52.10 0.9973 40.10 ✓
100 51.12 0.9964 50.22 ✓