Table 1. Comparison of clinical, laboratory, and treatment characteristics between recurrent and non-recurrent IGM patients.
|
Variable |
IGM recurrence - no (n/%) |
IGM recurrence - yes (n/%) |
p-value |
|
Total patients |
70 (76.1%) |
22 (23.9%) |
- |
|
Baseline characteristics | |||
|
Age (mean ± SD) |
36.10±9.63 |
36.10±9.63 |
>0.05 |
|
Time from symptom onset to diagnosis (months) |
Not specified |
Not specified |
- |
|
Clinical features | |||
|
Presence of mass |
70 (100%) |
22 (100%) |
- |
|
Painful mass |
50 (71.4%) |
18 (81.8%) |
- |
|
Redness |
32 (45.7%) |
10 (45.4%) |
- |
|
Discharge |
27 (38.5%) |
9 (40.9%) |
- |
|
Fistula |
5 (7.1%) |
3 (13.6%) |
- |
|
Nipple retraction |
10 (14.3%) |
5 (22.7%) |
- |
|
Cellulitis |
4 (5.7%) |
2 (9.1%) |
- |
|
Erythema nodosum |
6 (8.5%) |
2 (9.1%) |
- |
|
Recurrent abscess |
Not specified |
Not specified |
- |
|
Unilateral lesion |
61 (87.1%) |
18 (81.8%) |
- |
|
Mass ≥5 cm on initial ultrasound |
18 (26%) |
8 (36%) |
- |
|
Laboratory findings | |||
|
ESR >20 mm/h |
21 (30%) |
10 (45%) |
0.023 |
|
CRP ≥5 mg/L |
26 (37%) |
8 (36%) |
0.056 |
|
ACE >52 U/L |
10 (14%) |
4 (18%) |
- |
|
Prolactin (mean) |
Not specified |
Not specified |
>0.05 |
|
Risk factors | |||
|
Comorbidities |
10 (14%) |
5 (23%) |
- |
|
Stress factor |
30 (43%) |
9 (41%) |
- |
|
Oral contraceptive use |
7 (10%) |
2 (9%) |
- |
|
Menopause |
3 (4.3%) |
1 (4.5%) |
- |
|
Breast trauma |
Not specified |
Not specified |
- |
|
Treatment & follow-up | |||
|
Initial steroid use |
70 (100%) |
22 (100%) |
- |
|
Initial methotrexate use |
63 (90%) |
22 (100%) |
0.473 |
|
Initial azathioprine use |
7 (10%) |
0 (0%) |
0.494 |
|
TNF-a inhibitor use |
0 (0%) |
17 (77.3%) |
- |
|
Methotrexate + cyclosporine |
0 (0%) |
5 (22.7%) |
- |
|
Combination therapy (any) |
0 (0%) |
22 (100%) |
- |
|
Follow-up status |
Not specified |
Not specified |
- |
ESR: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate; CRP: C-reactive protein; IGM: Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis; ACE: Angiotensin converting enzyme; TNF-a: Tumor necrosis factor alpha; SD: Standard deviation