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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2026 Jun 21.
Published in final edited form as: Surgery. 2025 May 8;183:109391. doi: 10.1016/j.surg.2025.109391

Table III.

Matched adjusted outcome estimates

Primary outcome Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) P value

 Death 0.834 (0.643–1.08) .172
Secondary outcomes Estimate (95% CI)
 LOS, d 0.522 (0.291–0.753) <.001
 Cost, $ 8,371 (3,252–13,490) .00135
Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI)
 Postoperative infections 0.99 (0.985–0.994) <.001
 Acute arrythmia 1 (0.944–1.06) .984
 Acute bleeding 0.544 (0.319–0.93) .026
 Delirium 3.9 (3.09–4.92) <.001
 Acute limb ischemia 0.801 (0.408–1.57) .518
 Postop pneumonia 1.18 (0.804–1.73) .398
 Acute kidney injury 0.989 (0.828–1.18) .906
 Acute myocardial ischemia 0.838 (0.226–3.11) .791
 Cardiogenic shock postoperative 0.925 (0.727–1.18) .525

CI, confidence interval; LOS, length of stay.