Table 2.
Sulfur-containing NRPs and PK-NRPs and their activities as described in this section.
| Compound(s) | Sulfur-containing group | Species | Activity | Reference(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bacillothiazols (22–26) | Polythiazole | Bacillus velezensis FZB42 | PTP1B inhibitor; implicated in Bacillus swarming | 83 |
| Mupirochelin (27) | Thiazole, thiazoline | Pseudomonas sp. NCIMB 10586 | Metallophore; anti-oomycete activity | 84 |
| Mutanobactins (28), mutanolins | Thiazepanone | Streptococcus mutans UA159 | Inhibits hyphal formation of Candida albicans; induces cytokine (IL-6, IL-12) release | 87–89 |
| Mutanofactins (29) | Thiazole | Streptococcus mutans | Promotes intra- and interspecies biofilm formation | 90,91 |
| Lugdunin (30) | Thiazolidine | Staphylococcus lugdunensis | Anti-Gram-positive activity via membrane breakdown; TLR2 agonist | 92,93 |
| Sadopeptin A, B (31, 32) | Methionine sulfoxide (S=O) | Streptomyces sp. YNK18 | Proteasome inhibitor | 94 |
| Ecteinamines (33, 34) | Methionine sulfoxide, sulfanediol, thiazoline | Micromonospora sp. WMMB482 | Broad-spectrum metallophore | 95 |
| Sulfenicin (35) | Acylsulfenic acid, thiazole | Streptomyces sp. CNT360 | Broad-spectrum metallophore | 79 |
| Thiolactomycin (36) | Thiolactone | Lentzea sp. ATCC 31319 | Anti-Gram-positive, anti-Gram-negative, anti-protozoal activity via type II fatty acid synthase inhibition | 96,97 |
| Forazoline A (37) | Thioketone (S=C), thiazoline | Actinomadura sp. WMMB-499 | Antifungal activity via membrane permeabilization | 78,98 |
| Collismycin A, C (38, 39) | Methyl sulfide (S-CH3) | Streptomyces sp. MC205, S. sp. MQ22 | Anti-cancer and anti-biofilm activity via metal starvation (metallophore) | 99,100 |