Table 4.

Sulfur-containing terpenes and others with bioactivities

Compound(s)	Class	Sulfur-containing Group	Species	Activity	Reference(s)
Leptosphin A (50)	Terpenes	Sulfide	Leptosphaeria sp. XL026	Antimicrobial activity against Rhizoctonia cerealis and Bacillus cereus	118
Pseudallenes A (51) and B (52)	Terpenes	Sulfide	Pseudallescheri a boydii CS-793	Plant pathogen inhibition against Gaeumannomyces graminis, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Alternaria solani	119
(7S)-flavilane A (53)	Terpenes	Sulfoxide	Aspergillus sydowii 10–31	Microalgae inhibition against Prorocentrum sp.; anti-Gram-negative activity against Vibrio sp.	120
(7S)-4-iodo-flavilane A (54)	Terpenes	Sulfoxide	Aspergillus sydowii 10–31	Microalgae inhibition against Prorocentrum sp.; anti-Gram-negative activity against Vibrio sp.	120
Ovothiol A (55), B (56), and C (57)	Others	Thiol	Sea urchin eggs, marine organisms, including invertebrates, microalgae, and bacteria.	Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, gastroprotective, and photoprotective activities; redox homeostasis (GSH cooperation), photochemical reduction, oxidative stress regulation (↑GSH, ↑CAT, ↓MDA, ↓NO), modulation of NF-κB and apoptotic signaling pathways	121–125
Violaceimides A-D (58–61)	Others	Sulfide	Aspergillus violaceus	Selective inhibitory effects against human leukemia U937 and human colon cancer HCT-8 cells	126
Ochrathinols A and B (62, 63)	Others	Sulfide	Aspergillus ochraceopetalif ormis	Anti-inflammatory activity by suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) release and restoring NAD+/NADH balance	127
Tropodithietic acid (64)	Others	Disulfide	Phaeobacter inhibens and P. piscinae	Broad-spectrum antibacterial activity; disturb metabolic and stress-response pathways in target bacteria, inducing oxidative-stress and iron-uptake genes; regulates gene networks associated with motility, biofilm formation, and secondary metabolism; reshape microbial community composition and contribute to ecological stability	128–130