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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2026 Jun 24.
Published in final edited form as: Acta Biomater. 2019 Jan 19;95:176–187. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.01.041

Fig. 4.

Fig. 4.

The printability, yield stress, and viscosity of varying cell concentrations in a 1.5 MDa − 4 wt% PHA precursor. The printability, yield stress, and viscosity were minimally affected by increasing cell concentrations, up to 9 × 106 cells/mL. A) The shape fidelity of the PHA precursor remained high for all cell concentrations tested (1–9 × 106 cells/mL). All cell concentrations had similar pore areas and strut sizes. B) The yield stress of PHA with 1 × 106 cells/mL was increased compared to PHA without cells; however, all higher concentrations had similar yield stresses to PHA without cells. C) The viscosity of the PHA groups with cells all showed similar shear thinning behavior to that of the PHA without cells. Scale bar: 5 mm. *p < 0.05.