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. 2026 Apr 27;16:19396. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-49056-3

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© The Author(s) 2026

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — (a) The averages of the spatial components (pelvis, thigh, shank, and foot) of the fast and slow limbs for synergy 1 during tied, split-belt, and wash-out blocks at the 2.0x speed ratio. Error bars show the standard deviations. (b) Distributions of the data points used in (a) are shown in two-dimensional space composed of two components, and histograms of their distributions are also shown. (c) Results of statistical analysis of the spatial components of the fast and slow limbs for synergy 1 at each speed ratio. Each point represents the average of five steps. The averages of the data in each condition are connected by black lines across the experimental blocks. * p < 0.05.