Table 2.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of children and adolescents (0 to 19 years of age) treated for rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis excluding those with an outcome of lost to follow-up in the analysis cohort
| Analysis cohort (N=20395) | Treatment outcome | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment success (N=16825) | Death (N=2848) | Treatment failure (N=722) | ||
| Age (years) | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 16 (13,18) | 16 (13,18) | 17 (15,18) | 17 (15,18) |
| N (%) missing | 16 (<0.1%) | 13 (<0.1%) | 2 (<0.1%) | 1 (0.1%) |
| Age group | ||||
| <5 years | 1526 (7.5%) [100%] | 1439 (8.6%) [94%] | 77 (2.7%) [5%] | 10 (1.4%) [1%] |
| 5– <10 years | 1195 (5.9%) [100%] | 1070 (6.4%) [89%] | 103 (3.6%) [9%] | 22 (3.1%) [2%] |
| 10–<15 years | 3779 (18.5%) [100%] | 3181 (18.9%) [84%] | 475 (16.7%) [13%] | 123 (17.1%) [3%] |
| 15–19 years | 13879 (68.1%) [100%] | 11122 (66.2%) [80%] | 2191 (77.0%) [4%] | 566 (78.5%) [16%] |
| N (%) missing | 16 (<0.1%) | 13 (<0.1%) | 2 (<0.1%) | 1 (0.1%) |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 12001 (58.9%) [100%] | 9766 (58.1%) [81%] | 1814 (63.7%) [15%] | 421 (58.3%) [4%] |
| Female | 8384 (41.1%) [100%] | 7051 (41.9%) [84%] | 1032 (36.3%) [12%] | 301 (41.7%) [4%] |
| N (%) missing | 10 (<0.1%) | 8 (<0.1%) | 2 (<0.1%) | 0 |
| HIV status | ||||
| HIV positive | 2448 (13.8%) [100%] | 1821 (12.3%) [74%] | 526 (22.2%) [21%] | 101 (15.8%) [4%] |
| HIV negative | 15316 (86.2%) [100%] | 12936 (87.7%) [84%] | 1840 (77.8%) [12%] | 540 (84.2%) [4%] |
| N (%) missing | 2631 (13%) | 2068 (12%) | 482 (17%) | 81 (11%) |
| Income country | ||||
| Low or lower-middle | 13772 (67.8%) [100%] | 11230 (66.9%) [82%] | 2104 (74.0%) [15%] | 438 (60.7%) [3%] |
| Upper-middle or high | 6571 (32.2%) [100%] | 5547 (33.1%) [84%] | 740 (26.0%) [11%] | 284 (39.3%) [4%] |
| N (%) missing | 52 (0.2%) | 48 (0.3%) | 4 (0.1%) | 0 |
| Failed First-Line Treatment | ||||
| Yes | 260 (4.2%) [100%] | 196 (3.7%) [75%] | 49 (6.9%) [19%] | 15 (5.6%) [6%] |
| No | 5958 (95.8%) [100%] | 5041 (96.3%) [85%] | 663 (93.1%) [11%] | 254 (94.4%) [4%] |
| N (%) missing | 14177 (70%) | 11588 (69%) | 2136 (75%) | 453 (63%) |
| Any previous TB treatment | ||||
| Yes | 3707 (18.3%) [100%] | 2823 (16.9%) [76%] | 657 (23.3%) [18%] | 227 (31.8%) [6%] |
| No | 16505 (81.7%) [100%] | 13854 (83.1%) [84%] | 2164 (76.7%) [13%] | 487 (68.2%) [3%] |
| N (%) missing | 183 (0.9%) | 148 (0.9%) | 27 (0.9%) | 8 (1%) |
| TB status | ||||
| Microbiologically confirmed | 17707 (89.6%) [100%] | 14613 (89.9%) [83%] | 2425 (86.8%) [14%] | 669 (93.2%) [4%] |
| Clinically diagnosed | 2057 (10.4%) [100%] | 1640 (10.1%) [80%] | 368 (13.2%) [18%] | 49 (6.8%) [2%] |
| N (%) missing | 631 (3%) | 572 (3%) | 55 (2%) | 4 (0.6%) |
| Site of disease | ||||
| Pulmonary | 17398 (90.1%) [100%] | 14216 (88.9%) [82%] | 2528 (95.8%) [14%] | 654 (95.9%) [4%] |
| Extrapulmonary | 1710 (8.9%) [100%] | 1589 (9.9%) [93%] | 98 (3.7%) [6%] | 23 (3.4%) [1%] |
| Both | 141 (0.7%) [100%] | 124 (0.8%) [88%] | 13 (0.5%) [9%] | 4 (0.6%) [3%] |
| N (%) missing | 1077 (5%) | 829 (5%) | 208 (7%) | 40 (6%) |
| AFB smear | ||||
| Positive | 3532 (52.6%) [100%] | 2778 (48.8%) [79%] | 481 (70.0%) [13%] | 273 (83.2%) [8%] |
| Negative | 3180 (47.4%) [100%] | 2919 (51.2%) [92%] | 206 (30.0%) [6%] | 55 (16.8%) [2%] |
| N (%) missing | 13683 (67%) | 11128 (66%) | 2161 (76%) | 394 (55%) |
| Resistance to FQN/SLI | ||||
| None | 1436 (49.9%) [100%] | 1241 (54.5%) [86%] | 128 (32.2%) [9%] | 67 (33.0%) [5%] |
| FQN | 489 (17.0%) [100%] | 359 (15.8%) [73%] | 86 (21.6%) [18%] | 44 (21.7%) [9%] |
| SLI | 321 (11.2%) [100%] | 235 (10.3%) [73%] | 59 (14.8%) [18%] | 27 (13.3%) [9%] |
| FQN and SLI | 632 (22.0%) [100%] | 442 (19.4%) [70%] | 125 (31.4%) [20%] | 65 (32.0%) [10%] |
| N (%) missing | 17517 (86%) | 14548 (86%) | 2450 (86%) | 519 (72%) |
| Treatment year | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 2018 (2016,2019) | 2018 (2016,2018) | 2018 (2017,2019) | 2017 (2014,2018) |
| N (%) missing | 18 (<0.1%) | 14 (<0.1%) | 4 (0.1%) | 0 |
| Treatment duration (months) | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 16 (9,23) | 19 (9,24) | 5 (2,10) | 10 (7,20) |
FQN, fluoroqouinolone; SD, standard deviation; IQR, interquantile range; SLI, second-line injectable; TB, tuberculosis
Income country calculated based on World Bank country classification.
Percentages in italics represent the percentage of missing data for each variable.
Percentages in bold and in brackets represent the percentage of patients with treatment success, death and treatment failure in each clinical characteristic category.
Intrathoracic lymph node disease was considered pulmonary TB.