Table 5.

Clinical predictors of treatment success versus death and treatment failure among children and adolescents treated for rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis stratified by age

Clinical predictor	Treatment success versus unfavourable outcomes (death/treatment failure)
	Age < 5 years				Age 5 to <10 years				Age 10 to <15 years				Age 15–19 years
	Univariable logistic regression models		Multivariable logistic regression model		Univariable logistic regression models		Multivariable logistic regression model		Univariable logistic regression models		Multivariable logistic regression model		Univariable logistic regression models		Multivariable logistic regression model
	Crude OR (95% CI)	p-value	aOR (95% CI)	p-value	Crude OR (95% CI)	p-value	aOR (95% CI)	p-value	Crude OR (95% CI)	p-value	aOR (95% CI)	p-value	Crude OR (95% CI)	p-value	aOR (95% CI)	p-value
Upper-middle or high-income country	5.24 (0.1.5–18.3)	0.0095	-	-	2.37 (0.85–6.59)	0.097	-	-	1.5 (0.83–2.72)	0.17	-	-	0.82 (0.55–1.22)	0.33	-	-
Age (years)	1.16 (0.96–1.4)	0.13	1.17 (0.97–1.42)	0.11	0.94 (0.82–1.07)	0.37	1.01 (0.87–1.16)	0.94	0.90 (0.84–0.96)	0.0025	0.91 (0.85–0.98)	0.011	0.99 (0.95–1)	0.37	0.99 (0.96–1)	0.82
Male sex	0.87 (0.56–1.37)	0.55	0.84 (0.53–1.35)	0.47	1.07 (0.74–1.56)	0.72	1.08 (0.73–1.59)	0.71	0.75 (0.61–0.91)	0.0045	0.75 (0.61–0.92)	0.0067	0.86 (0.79–0.93)	0.00038	0.87 (0.79–0.95)	0.0015
HIV positive	0.29 (0.16–0.52)	<0.0001	0.3 (0.16–0.56)	0.00016	0.34 (0.19–0.59)	0.00013	0.49 (0.27–0.89)	0.019	0.39 (0.29–0.53)	<0.0001	0.42 (0.30–0.58)	<0.0001	0.4 (0.34–0.47)	<0.0001	0.39 (0.33–0.46)	<0.0001
Microbiologically confirmed tuberculosis	0.68 (0.29–1.6)	0.37	-	-	0.37 (0.17–0.81)	0.012	-	-	1.32 (0.98–1.78)	0.070	-	-	1.6 (1.4–1.83)	<0.0001	-	-
Previous tuberculosis treatment	0.76 (0.39–1.5)	0.42	0.96 (0.47–1.94)	0.47	0.51 (0.33–0.80)	0.0036	0.64 (0.39–1.05)	0.080	0.45 (0.36–0.57)	<0.0001	0.51 (0.40–0.66)	0.011	0.48 (0.43–0.55)	<0.0001	0.51 (0.45–0.58)	<0.0001
Pulmonary tuberculosis	0.5 (0.14–1.82)	0.30	0.6 (0.16–2.26)	0.44	0.27 (0.08–0.96)	0.043	0.30 (0.08–1.11)	0.071	0.45 (0.16–1.24)	0.45	0.52 (0.18–1.47)	0.21	0.59 (0.36–0.96)	0.032	0.53 (0.32–0.89)	0.017
Extrapulmonary tuberculosis	1.61 (0.51–2.64)	0.72	-	-	1.51 (0.75–3.04)	0.25	-	-	1.84 (1.26–2.68)	0.0019	-	-	1.5 (1.12–2)	0.0081	-	-
AFB smear positive	0.33 (0.18–0.59)	0.00022	0.34 (0.19–0.63)	0.00054	0.31 (0.20–0.48)	<0.0001	0.35 (0.21–0.60)	<0.0001	0.47 (0.37–0.59)	<0.0001	0.48 (0.38–0.6)	<0.0001	0.47 (0.4–0.56)	<0.0001	0.46 (0.39–0.54)	<0.0001

AFB, acid-fast bacilli; OR, odds ratio; aOR, adjusted OR