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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2026 Jun 24.
Published in final edited form as: Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2025 Feb;9(2):100–111. doi: 10.1016/S2352-4642(24)00330-4

Table 6.

Summary of association between the use of number of WHO group drugs used with treatment success in children and adolescents with rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis.

Use of number of drugs of each WHO group Treatment success versus unfavourable outcomes (death/treatment failure)
Univariable logistic regression modelsa Multivariable logistic regression modelsb,c
Crude OR (95% CI) p-value aOR (95% CI) p-value
Number of drugs group A d
1 1.36 (1.16–1.58) 0.00010 1.06 (0.90–1.25) 0.51
2 1.52 (1.20–1.93) 0.00056 1.41 (1.09–1.82) 0.0080
3 1.77 (1.37–2.28) <0.0001 2.12 (1.61–2.79) <0.0001
Number of drugs group B e
1 1.29 (0.99–1.67) 0.052 1.27 (0.96–1.69) 0.094
2 0.62 (0.47–0.81) 0.00050 0.59 (0.44–0.79) 0.00052
Number of drugs group C f
2 0.99 (0.76–1.29) 0.93 1.07 (0.80–1.44) 0.65
3 1.43 (1.10–1.86) 0.0067 1.14 (0.86–1.52) 0.35
4 or more 1.8 (1.38–2.35) <0.0001 1.29 (0.96–1.73) 0.086
a
Performance evaluation for univariable models:
  • Predictor Number of drugs group A: ROC-AUC 0.55 [95 % CI, 0.54 to 0.56]; Marginal R2/Conditional R2 0.002/0.37
  • Predictor Number of drugs group B: ROC-AUC 0.57 [95 % CI, 0.56 to 0.58]; Marginal R2/Conditional R2 0.012/0.35
  • Predictor Number of drugs group C: ROC-AUC 0.58 [95 % CI, 0.57 to 0.90]; Marginal R2/Conditional R2 0.008/0.33
b

Multivariable model, including all predictors listed (Number of drugs group A, Number of drugs group B, Number of drugs group C), and adjusted for the following baseline clinical characteristics: age, sex, HIV status, history of any past tuberculosis treatment, having pulmonary disease and AFB smear positive.

c

Performance evaluation for multivariable model: ROC-AUC 0.69 [95 % CI, 0.68 to 0.70]; Marginal R2/Conditional R2 0.11/0.31

d

Use of no drugs from group A, reference for predictor Number of drugs group A.

e

Use of no drugs from group B, reference for predictor Number of drugs group B.

f

Use of one or no drugs from group C, reference for predictor Number of drugs group C.

Abbreviations: aOR, adjusted odds ratio. CI, confidence interval.

Note: Complete case analysis results are reported in Supplementary Table S19.