Table 3.
Results of processed muscle iEMG following NMES intervention (M ± SD, Unit: μV·s).
| Muscle | Weighted squats | Fake stimulation | Real stimulation | F-value | P-value | η² |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GLM | 7.5 ± 1.6 | 7.8 ± 1.8 | 9.8 ± 2.4bc | 18.24 | <0.001 | 0.52 |
| VL | 8.3 ± 1.5 | 8.6 ± 1.7 | 9.8 ± 2.4bc | 20.15 | <0.001 | 0.55 |
| VM | 7.8 ± 1.8 | 8.2 ± 1.9 | 9.8 ± 2.4bc | 7.56 | 0.001 | 0.35 |
| BF | 7.4 ± 1.8 | 7.9 ± 2.0 | 8.3 ± 2.3 | 2.12 | 0.132 | 0.12 |
| GM | 7.5 ± 1.8 | 8.0 ± 1.9 | 8.4 ± 2.1 | 1.87 | 0.167 | 0.10 |
| GL | 7.2 ± 1.8 | 7.7 ± 1.9 | 8.0 ± 2.2 | 1.56 | 0.221 | 0.08 |
| PM | 7.2 ± 1.7 | 8.2 ± 1.9 | 9.2 ± 2.2 | 2.34 | 0.056 | 0.15 |
| ABS | 7.0 ± 1.5 | 7.8 ± 1.7 | 9.6 ± 2.2bc | 21.56 | <0.001 | 0.58 |
| LD | 6.8 ± 1.3 | 7.5 ± 1.6 | 9.4 ± 2.1bc | 24.38 | <0.001 | 0.62 |
| TRAP | 6.5 ± 1.8 | 6.0 ± 1.9 | 5.2 ± 1.9 | 2.18 | 0.075 | 0.12 |
| TB | 5.8 ± 1.7 | 7.2 ± 1.8 | 8.4 ± 2.6 | 2.56 | 0.071 | 0.18 |
| BB | 5.6 ± 1.8 | 5.2 ± 1.9 | 4.5 ± 2.5 | 2.14 | 0.088 | 0.11 |
| DEL | 5.6 ± 1.8 | 5.9 ± 1.9 | 6.1 ± 3.0 | 0.52 | 0.598 | 0.03 |
| BRD | 4.8 ± 1.6 | 5.2 ± 1.7 | 5.5 ± 2.8 | 1.45 | 0.246 | 0.07 |
b indicates a significant difference between weighted squats and the real stimulus; c indicates a significant difference between the sham stimulus and the real stimulus. P< 0.05 indicates a significant difference. GLM, gluteus maximus; VM, vastus medialis; VL, vastus lateralis; BF, biceps femoris; GM, medial gastrocnemius; GL, lateral gastrocnemius; ABS, rectus abdominis; LD, latissimus dorsi; TRAP, trapezius; PM, pectoralis major; DEL, deltoid; BB, biceps brachii; TB, triceps brachii; BRD, brachioradialis. Statistical significance for iEMG outcomes was interpreted after Benjamini–Hochberg false discovery rate correction across the iEMG variables.