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. 2025 Nov 14;11(5):32–43. doi: 10.3138/jmvfh-2024-0076

Table 3.

MANOVA results on mean questionnaire scores between Veterans with brain fog’s pain interference groups

Questionnaire Sum of squares F P Bonferroni p 95% CI lower 95% CI upper
PROMIS mental health symptom* 0.392 14.50 <0.001 0.003* −0.332 −0.101
PROMIS physical health* 0.382 49.07 <0.001 0.003* 0.031 0.276
PROMIS sleep disturbances 0.038   4.87 0.035 0.105 0.005 0.130
PSEQ 0.282 7.062 0.012 0.036 0.043 0.324
MASQ 0.034 2.458 0.127 0.381 0.147 0.019

PROMIS = Patient Reported Outcome Measure Information System; PSEQ = Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire; MASQ = Multiple Abilities Self-Report Questionnaire.

*

Statistically significant differences were seen between groups.