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. 2026 Jan 12;49(7):1166–1174. doi: 10.2337/dc25-2572

Table 1.

Participant characteristics

Characteristic Data
Total patients, N 18
Men, n (%) 8 (44)
Age, years 48 [39, 55]
Onset age, years 20 [15, 27]
Diabetes duration, years 26 [20, 30]
Body weight, kg 77 (12)
BMI, kg/m2 24.8 (2.8)
eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 110 [95, 116]
HbA1c, % 7.5 [7.0, 8.4]
HbA1c, mmol/mol 58 [53, 68]
Total cholesterol, mmol/L 4.4 [4.0, 5.3]
LDL cholesterol, mmol/L 2.4 [2.1, 3.0]
HDL cholesterol, mmol/L 1.4 [1.3, 1.7]
Urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio, mg/g 5 [3, 8]
Fasting venous plasma glucose, mmol/L 8.8 [7.9, 10.9]
Fasting C-peptide, pmol/L 479 [314, 711]
Fasting insulin, pmol/L 38 [21, 53]
HOMA2 insulin resistance 1.28 [1.03, 1.92], n = 15
HOMA2 β-cell function, % 37 [24, 48], n = 15
Complications, n (%)
 Retinopathy 7 (39)
 Nephropathy 2 (11)
 Neuropathy 2 (11)
 Cerebrovascular disease 0 (0)
 Coronary heart disease 1 (6)
 Peripheral arterial disease 1 (6)
Glucose-lowering drugs, n (%)
 SU 16 (89)
 GLP-1RA 3 (17)
 Metformin 3 (17)
 Repaglinide 1 (6)
 DPP-4 inhibitor 6 (33)
 Insulin, bolus 2 (11)
 Insulin, basal 3 (17)

Data are reported as mean (SD) or median [quartile 1, quartile 3]. HOMA2 measures are only reported for participants not treated with insulin (n = 15). DPP-4, dipeptidyl peptidase-4; GLP-1RA, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist.