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. 2026 Jun 7;15(6):725. doi: 10.3390/antiox15060725
BDNF Brain-derived neurotrophic factor
CoQ Coenzyme Q
COX Cytochrome c oxidase
CS Citrate synthase
DRP1 Dynamin-related protein 1
ERK1/2 Extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase
GR Glutathione reductase
HIF1α Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha
HK1 Hexokinase I
HMG-CoA reductase 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase
LDH Lactate dehydrogenase
MFN1/2 Mitofusin 1/2
NRF2 Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor/ NFE2-like bZIP transcription factor 2
OPA1 OPA1 mitochondrial dynamin-like GTPase
PGC1α Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α
ROS Reactive oxygen species
SOD1 Superoxide dismutase 1
TFAM Transcription factor A, mitochondrial
VDAC1 Voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1