| TAC | Total antioxidant capacity |
| FRAP | Ferric reducing antioxidant power |
| ROS | Reactive oxygen species |
| CTR | Control group |
| TRT | Treatment group |
| BCS | Body condition score |
| DM | Dry matter |
| CP | Crude protein |
| CF | Crude fiber |
| NDF | Neutral detergent fiber |
| ADF | Acid detergent fiber |
| ADL | Acid detergent lignin |
| PT | Total protein |
| AST | Aspartate aminotransferase |
| ALT | Alanine aminotransferase |
| GGT | Gamma-glutamyl transferase |
| MDA | Malondialdehyde |
| TBARSs | Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances |
| VFAs | Volatile fatty acids |
| BCFAs | Branched-chain fatty acids |
| SCFAs | Short-chain fatty acids |