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. 2026 May 22;15(6):656. doi: 10.3390/antiox15060656
ACN Acetonitrle
Ala Alanine
ANN Artificial Neural Network
Bet Betaine
CA Citric Acid
CE Catechin Equivalents
ChCl Choline Chloride
C3GE Cyanidin-3-glucoside Equivalents
DPPH 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl
DR Damask Rose
EtOH Ethanol
Fru D-(−)-Fructose
GAE Gallic Acid Equivalents
Gly Glycerol
Glyc Glycine
Glu D-(+)-Glucose
HBA Hydrogen Bond Acceptor 
HBD Hydrogen Bond Donor
LA L-(+)-Lactic Acid
MA Malic Acid
MeOH Methanol
NADES Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent
OA Oxalic Acid
PG Propylene Glycol
Pro Proline
RSM Response Surface Methodology
Sor Sorbitol
Suc Sucrose
TA Tartaric Acid
TAC Total Anthocyanin Content
TE Trolox Equivalents
TFA Trifluoroacetic Acid
TFC Total Flavonoid Content
THTC Total Hydrolyzable Tannin Content 
TPC Total Phenolic Content
TPTZ 2,4,6-tris(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine
UAE Ultrasound Assisted Extraction
Xyl Xylitol