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. 2026 May 23;14(6):1185. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines14061185
5-HTT serotonin transporter
ACC anterior cingulate cortex
AMPA aminomethylphosphonic acid
BDNF brain-derived neurotrophic factor
CINP International College of Neuro-Psychopharmacology
COX-2 cyclooxygenase-2
CRP c-reactive protein
DAT dopamine transporter
GSK-3β glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta
HAM-A Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale
HAMD-17 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale
HCN hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels
HDRS Hamilton Depression Rating Scale
IL interleukin
ISBD International Society for Bipolar Disorders
MADRS Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale
MHPG 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol
NET norepinephrine transporter
NF-κB nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
NMDA N-methyl-D-aspartate
NOS Not Otherwise Specified
PKC protein kinase C
QIDS-SR Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology
SARI serotonin antagonist and reuptake Inhibitor
SJS Stevens–Johnson syndrome
SNRI serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor
SSRI selective serotonin reuptake Inhibitors
TCA tricyclic antidepressants
TEN toxic epidermal necrolysis
TNF-⍺ tumor necrosis factor ⍺
TPH2 tryptophan hydroxylase 2
TRBD treatment-resistant bipolar depression
TrkB tropomyosin receptor kinase B
VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor
VGCC voltage-gated calcium channel
VGluT1 vesicular glutamate transporter 1
VGSC voltage-gated sodium channels
VPFC ventral prefrontal cortex
WHO World Health Organization
YMRS Young Mania Rating Scale