ALP	alkaline phosphatase
BIC	bone–implant contact
BMI	body mass index
BOP	bleeding on probing
BV/TV	bone volume fraction
CAL	clinical attachment level
CD26	cluster of differentiation 26
cAMP	cyclic adenosine monophosphate
CRP	C-reactive protein
DPP-4	dipeptidyl peptidase-4
EMA	European Medicines Agency
EX-4	exendin-4
FAERS	FDA Adverse Event Reporting System
FDA	Food and Drug Administration
GIP	glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide
GLP-1	glucagon-like peptide-1
GLP-1R	glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor
GLP-1RA	glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist
HbA1c	hemoglobin A1c
HG	high glucose
HO-1	heme oxygenase-1
ICMJE	International Committee of Medical Journal Editors
IL-1β	interleukin-1 beta
IL-6	interleukin-6
IL-10	interleukin-10
LPS	lipopolysaccharide
M1	classically activated macrophage phenotype
M2	alternatively activated macrophage phenotype
MAPK	mitogen-activated protein kinase
MBL	marginal bone loss
MEDLINE	Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online
micro-CT	micro-computed tomography
NF-kappaB	nuclear factor kappa B
NR	not reported
Nrf2	nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
OPG	osteoprotegerin
Osx	Osterix
PD	probing depth
PDLSC	periodontal ligament stem cell
PI	plaque index
PLGA	poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)
RANKL	receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand
RCT	randomized controlled trial
Runx2	runt-related transcription factor 2
SANRA	Scale for the Assessment of Narrative Review Articles
SDF-1	stromal-cell-derived factor-1
SGLT2	sodium–glucose cotransporter 2
T2D	type 2 diabetes
TNF-α	tumor necrosis factor-alpha
TRAP	tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase
WHO	World Health Organization
Wnt	Wingless/Integrated signaling pathway