| BMP4 | Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 |
| BOO | bladder outlet obstruction |
| CT | computed tomography |
| FGFR2 | Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 2 |
| IQR | interquartile range |
| MCUG | micturating cystourethrography |
| MesH | Medical Subject Headings |
| PUAC | patent urachus with allantoic cyst |
| PUV | posterior urethral valves |
| SHH | Sonic Hedgehog |
| TGF-β | Transforming Growth Factor Beta |
| VUR | vesicoureteral reflux |
| WPC | weeks post conception |