ACE	Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme
ACH	Acetylcholine
ACTH	Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
BDNF	Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor
BSH	Bile Salt Hydrolase
CNS	Central Nervous System
CVD	Cardiovascular Disease
DCs	Dendritic Cells
EPS	Exopolysaccharides
ENS	Enteric Nervous System
FDA	US Food and Drug Administration
FFAR2	Free Fatty Acid Receptor 2
FFAR3	Free Fatty Acid Receptor 3
GI	Glycemic Index
GLP-1	Glucagon-Like Peptide-1
GSH-Px	Glutathione Peroxidase
GRAS	Generally Regarded As Safe
HDL	High-Density Lipoprotein
HMG-CoA	3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-Coenzyme A
HPA	Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal Axis
IL	Interleukin
ISAPP	International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics
LAB	Lactic acid bacteria
LDL	Low-Density Lipoprotein
LPS	Lipopolysaccharide
LTA	Lipoteichoic Acid
MDD	Major Depressive Disorder
MGBA	Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis
MUBs	Mucus-Binding Proteins
NCD	Non-Communicable Disease
NF-κB	Nuclear Factor Kappa-B
NK	Natural Killer
QPS	Qualified Presumption of Safety
PPAR	Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor
PRRs	Pattern Recognition Receptors
SLP	Surface Layer Protein
TGF-β	Transforming Growth Factor Beta
Th	T-Helper Cells
TLR	Toll-Like Receptor
TNF-α	Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
USP	United States Pharmacopeia