| PVA | Polyvinyl alcohol |
| PEG | Polyethylene glycol |
| FT | Freeze-thaw |
| 3D | Three dimensional |
| FTIR | Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy |
| XRD | X-ray diffraction |
| TGA | Thermogravimetric analysis |
| DTA | Differential thermal analysis |
| FE | Finite element |
| SEM | Scanning electron microscopy |
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