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. 2026 May 28;31(7):1345–1354. doi: 10.1007/s10147-026-03051-w

Table 3.

IPW-Weighted Multivariate Cox Survival Model

Variable HR 95% CI p-value
Chemotherapy Sequence
No Chemotherapy — —
Adjuvant 0.44 0.33, 0.58 < 0.001
Neoadjuvant 0.38 0.23, 0.62 < 0.001
Age 1.01 1.00, 1.02 0.11
Sex
Male — —
Female 1.31 0.90, 1.91 0.16
Charlson-Deyo Score 0.94 0.73, 1.21 0.63
Tumor Size (mm) 1.00 1.00, 1.01 0.19
Regional Lymphadenectomy
No — —
Yes 0.61 0.41, 0.92 0.020
Regional Nodes Examined 1.02 1.00, 1.05 0.084
Regional Nodes Positive 1.17 1.11, 1.23 < 0.001
Surgical Margins
R0 — —
R1 2.98 2.06, 4.30 < 0.001
R2 3.91 2.35, 6.49 < 0.001

CI = Confidence Interval, HR = Hazard Ratio