Skip to main content
. 2026 Jun 6;15(12):2045. doi: 10.3390/foods15122045
PCs Proanthocyanidins
MPCs Monomeric proanthocyanidins
DP Degree of polymerization
C (+)-catechin
EC (−)-epicatechin
CG (+)-catechin-3-O-gallate
ECG (−)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate
OPCs Oligomeric proanthocyanidins
PPCs Polymeric proanthocyanidins
UPLC-MS/MS Ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
HPLC High-performance liquid chromatography
LC-MS/MS Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
ESI Electrospray ionization
MRM Multiple reaction monitoring
mDP Mean degree of polymerization
TIC Total ion chromatograms