DR	Diabetic retinopathy
BDR	Background diabetic retinopathy
NPDR	Non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy
PDR	Proliferative diabetic retinopathy
FRPs	Frailty-related phenotypes
FI	Frailty index
ALM	Appendicular lean mass
HGS	Hand grip strength
UWP	Usual walking pace
GWAS	Genome-wide association study
ICD-10	International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision
BIA	Bioelectrical impedance analysis
LD	Linkage disequilibrium
SNV	Single-nucleotide variant
SNP	Single-nucleotide polymorphism
LDSC	Linkage Disequilibrium Score Regression
HDL	High-Definition Likelihood
LAVA	Local Analysis of [co]Variant Association
MR	Mendelian randomization
IV	Instrumental variable
IVW	Inverse variance weighted
MR-PRESSO	Mendelian Randomization Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier
LCV	Latent causal variable
GCP	Genetic causality proportion
BH	Benjamini–Hochberg
FDR	False discovery rate
S-LDSC	Stratified Linkage Disequilibrium Score Regression
ENCODE	Encyclopedia of DNA Elements
CPASSOC	Cross-Phenotype Association Test
PLACO	Pleiotropic Analysis under Composite Null Hypothesis
FUMA	Functional Mapping and Annotation
CADD	Combined Annotation Dependent Depletion
PP	Posterior probability
PCGA	Phenotype-Cell-Gene Association
GTEx	Genotype-Tissue Expression
MAGMA	Multi-marker Analysis of GenoMic Annotation
TWAS	Transcriptome-wide association study
JTI	Joint-tissue imputation
MHC	Major Histocompatibility Complex
CNS	Central nervous system
NK	Natural killer
NF-κB	Nuclear factor kappa B
VEGFA	Vascular endothelial growth factor A
NHANES	National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
CHARGE	Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in