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. 2026 Jun 11;27(12):5305. doi: 10.3390/ijms27125305
AGE advanced glycation end-product
AGEs advanced glycation end-products
CAN cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy
CML Nε-carboxymethyllysine
CRP C-reactive protein
DIAPH1 diaphanous-related formin 1
EGCG epigallocatechin gallate
FMNL1 formin-like protein 1
GLP-1 glucagon-like peptide-1
GPX-4 glutathione peroxidase 4
GSK3β glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta
HMGB1 high-mobility group box 1
HO-1 heme oxygenase 1
HRV heart rate variability
hs-cTnT high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T
IL-6 interleukin-6
MGO methylglyoxal
NF-κB nuclear factor kappa B
NO nitric oxide
Nrf2 nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
NT-proBNP N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide
RAGE receptor for advanced glycation end-products
ROS reactive oxygen species
STZ streptozotocin
T2DM type 2 diabetes mellitus
TGF-β transforming growth factor beta
VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor