A1GDM	DM that is first diagnosed during pregnancy and is managed entirely through lifestyle changes (diet and exercise) without the need for medications like insulin or oral glucose-lowering agents (Class A1 GDM) [84].
A2GDM	DM that is first diagnosed during pregnancy requiring pharmacological treatment, including insulin and/or oral glucose-lowering agents, in addition to lifestyle modification (Class A2 GDM) [84].
High-risk population	Pregnant individuals with an increased risk of developing insulin resistance and/or hyperglycemia [43].
Overt DIP	A DM first recognized during pregnancy that is clearly pre-existing. A pregnant individual meets any of the following criteria: FPG ≥ 7.0 mmol/L or 2hPG ≥ 11.1 mmol/L following a 75 g two-hour OGTT; HbA1c ≥ 6.5% (≥ 48 mmol/mol); and/or random plasma glucose ≥ 11.1 mmol/L in the presence of clinical signs or symptoms indicative of hyperglycemia [43].
Pre-existing DM	DM (T1DM or T2DM) diagnosed prior to pregnancy [43].