DNA	deoxyribonucleic acid
RNA	ribonucleic acid
ncRNA	non-coding RNAs
miRNA	micro-RNA
PPARGC1A	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha gene
PGC-1α	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha
AMP	adenosine monophosphate
ATP	adenosine triphosphate
SAM	S-adenosylmethionine
NAD	nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
NRF1	nuclear respiratory factor 1 gene
TFAM	mitochondrial transcription factor A gene
PDK4	pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 gene
PDK4	pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4
PPARD	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ gene
PPARδ	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta
SLC2A4; GLUT4	glucose transporter type 4 gene
CPT1B	carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B
MEF2A	myocyte enhancer factor 2A gene
MEF2A	myocyte enhancer factor 2A
NFE2L2	nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 gene
NRF2	nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
5hmC	5-hydroxymethylcytosine
AMPK	AMP-activated protein kinase
SIRT1	sirtuin 1
MYOD1	myogenic differentiation 1
MYOG	myogenin
DNMTs	methyltransferases
HDACs	histone deacetylases
ROS	reactive oxygen species
IGF1	insulin-like growth factor 1 gene
IGF1	insulin-like growth factor 1
MSTN	myostatin
FNDC5	fibronectin type III do-main-containing 5
HMOX1	heme oxygenase-1
SOD2	superoxide dismutase 2
IL6	interleukin-6 gene
IL-6	interleukin-6
TNF	tumor necrosis factor α gene
TNF-α	tumor necrosis factor α
NF-κB	nuclear factor kappa B
MTHFR	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene
MTHFR	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase
EGCG	epigallocatechin gallate
EPA	eicosapentaenoic acid
DHA	docosahexaenoic acid
VO2max	maximal oxygen uptake
n-3 PUFA	omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids
SAH	S-adenosylhomocysteine
IGF2	insulin-like growth factor 2 gene
LEP	leptin gene
25(OH)D	25-hydroxyvitamin D
VDR	vitamin D receptor
DO-HEALTH study	Vitamin D3–Omega-3–Home Exercise–Healthy Ageing and Longevity Trial
mTOR	mechanistic target of rapamycin
HAT	histone acetyltransferase
TET	ten-eleven translocation enzyme
JmjC	Jumonji C domain-containing enzyme
BMAL1	brain and muscle ARNT-like 1 gene
PER2	period circadian regulator 2 gene
CRY1	cryptochrome circadian regulator 1 gene
FOXO3	forkhead box O3
HIF-1α	hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha
lncRNAs	long non-coding RNAs
circRNAs	circular RNAs
myomiRs	muscle-enriched miRNAs
EWAS	epigenome-wide association studies
CpG	cytosine-phosphate-guanine
VO2peak	peak oxygen uptake
MoTrPAC	Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium